Let’s revise and check the last rules and constructions we have learnt in the last 4 lessons. Here you have a small summary.

Useful phrase in Ukrainian
Listen and repeat the following sentences:

Lesson 11 |
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Не кажи́, що ти роби́в, скажи́, що ти зроби́в. |

Lesson 12 |
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Йди сюди́ та допоможи́ менí. |

Lesson 13 |
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Я бу́ду чита́ти рома́н, але́ не прочита́ю його́. |

Lesson 14 |
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За́раз я йду додо́му. Я завжди́ хо́джу додо́му пíшки. |

Ukrainian vocabulary
Lesson 11
Втоми́вся (masc.) / втоми́лася (fem.)
to be tired
весь (masc.) / вся (fem.) / все (neuter)
all, every, everything
рома́н
novel
вече́ря
dinner
іме́йл
дім / вдо́ма
home / at home
улю́блений
favourite
смакота́
yummy, delicious
як шко́да!
what a pity!
до́вго
long, for a long time
зазвича́й
usually
по́ки
while
про
about
Lesson 12
сюди́
here, this way
що тра́пилось?
what happened?
іде́я
idea
щоде́нник
diary
пита́ння
question
ду́же про́сто
very easy
менí со́ромно
I feel ashamed
пíсня / піснí
song / songs
Lesson 13
гість / го́сті
guest / guests
до ре́чі
by the way
по́тім
afterwards
зно́ву
again
гара́зд
ok, alright
за́втра / до за́втра, поба́чимось за́втра
tomorrow, see you tomorrow
недíля
Sunday
дома́шнє завда́ння
homework
впра́ва
exercise
шви́дко
quickly, fast
день наро́дження
birthday
вечíрка
party
суп, м’я́со, десе́рт
soup, meat, dessert
сма́чно, смакота́
yummy, tasty, delicious
Lesson 14
басе́йн / санато́рій
swimming pool / spa
спорт / спортсме́н
sport / athlete
спра́вжній/ -я/ -є (singular), спра́вжні (plural)
real, authentic
літа́к / літако́м
plane / by plane
пога́но / йому́ пога́но
bad, unwell / he feels unwell
Різдво́
Christmas
Рим
Rome
Єги́пет
Egypt
Майда́н Незале́жності
Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti)
рік / роки́
year / years
годи́на
hour
чудо́во!
great!
по́руч з
near
зупи́нка
stop
ранíше
before
пíшки, ходи́ти пíшки
on foot, to go on foot
кори́сно
healthy
Imperfective and perfective verbs
Ukrainian (imperfective verb / perfective verb)
English
роби́ти / зроби́ти
to do
чита́ти / прочита́ти
to read
диви́тись / подиви́тись
to watch, to look
писа́ти / написа́ти
to write
готува́ти / приготува́ти
to cook
каза́ти / розказа́ти
to tell
подо́батися / сподо́батися
to like, to please
ду́мати / поду́мати
to think
Ukrainian (imperfective verb / perfective verb)
English
чека́ти / почека́ти
to wait
Imperfective verbs
запи́тувати
to ask
пам’ята́ти
to remember
забува́ти
to forget
трима́ти
to hold, to grab
допомага́ти
to help
почина́ти
to start
слу́хати
to listen, to hear
Ukrainian (imperfective verb / perfective verb)
English
обíдати / пообíдати
to have lunch
чита́ти / прочита́ти
to read
дзвони́ти / подзвони́ти
to call, to phone
працюва́ти / попрацюва́ти
to work
Ukrainian imperfective verbs of motion
English
ходи́ти (regularly) / йти (in a specific direction)
to walk, to go on foot
ї́здити (regularly) / ї́хати (in a specific direction)
to go (in a vehicle)
літа́ти (regularly) / летíти (in a specific direction)
to fly
бíгати (regularly) / бíгти (in a specific direction)
to run
Ukrainian perfective verbs of motion
English
піти́ (“пі-” as exception)
to go (on foot)
пої́хати
to go (in a vehicle)
полетíти
to fly

Ukrainian grammar
Read the following grammar explanations for this lesson:
The verbal aspect of Ukrainian verbs
We have:
- Imperfective aspect: when we express an imperfective (non-finished) action.
- Perfective aspect: when we express a perfect (finished) action.
When we learn a new verb we always should take into account this aspect and try to memorize the pair of this verb form – imperfective and perfective one.
Perfective verbs don’t exist in the present: when you finish something, that is already the past (even if only one second in the past).
In the vocabulary section, at the beginning of this lesson, you have more verbs to memorize in its imperfective and perfective form.
How to build the imperative in Ukrainian
Depending on the person we are appealing to, we use different endings.
First step:
- find the base through removing the ending (-е (-є), -ить) of the 3rd person singular form of the present tense
And then we should add endings:
- “-и” – for 2nd person sing form (you – ти)
- “-імо” – for 1st person pl form (we – ми)
- “-йте” – for 2nd person pl form (you – ви)
MORE EXAMPLES
Дай менí цей зо́шит, будь ла́ска. | Give me this notebook, please. |
Слу́хайте що я вам гово́рю. | Listen to what I tell you. |
Співа́ймо цю пíсню ра́зом! | Let’s sing this song together! |
Ходíмо шви́дше! | Let’s go faster! |
The future tense in Ukrainian
We always have to remember that in Ukrainian the perfective verbs do not exist in the present tense.
The verbs that form the future with the endings of the present (that is, the perfective verbs) don’t have any “present tense”. They can only be used to express past and future.
Depending on the verb we have (imperfective or perfective) it could be understood if the action has finished or will be finished in future or not.
Thanks to the verb “бу́ти” (to be) we can form the future tense but this sentences always give us an information about not finished actions.
Ukrainian verbs of motion
Ukrainian verbs of motion can be multidirectional and unidirectional.
- Multidirectional verbs of motion mean “to go often/regularly/frequently, to go and return”
- Unidirectional verbs of motion mean “to be going somewhere”
For each English verb of motion (to go, to run, to fly,…) there are two Ukrainian verbs: multidirectional and unidirectional. You can find more examples in the vocabulary section of this lesson.
If we take an unidirectional verb and we add the prefix по-, we get a perfective verb. But, the same will not happen with a multidirectional verb: if we add по-, the verb is still imperfective. For examples:
- по- + повзти́ = поповзти́
- по- + пливти́ = попливти́
If we talk about moving without any particular destination we use multidirectional verbs, for example:
- Моя́ дити́на по́взає по підло́зі – My baby is crawling on the floor.
- Я пініма́юся по схо́дах – I go up the stairs.